08.09.22 Chapter 4: Kyoka wo Morau, Chapter 5: Sasou to Kotowaru

08.09.22 : Daiyokka: Kyoka wo Morau, Daigoka: Sasou to Kotowaru
Chapter 4: To get Permission
Chapter 5: To invite and To decline/to refuse
Suzuki-sensei no jyugyo desu.

GRAMMAR POINT 1: (from Chapter 4: Kyoka wo morau)

不可欠 fukaketsu (na) de aru === fukaketsu desu

Means: It's indispensable. It's essential.

RULE: When reading or writing a formal document/publication (i.e. not this blog), you would use "de aru" instead of "desu".
NOUN/na-adj. + "de aru".
Example with NOUN: Neko de aru.
Example with na-adj: Kirei de aru (no "na" used here).

i-adj. Example: Kawaii (does not take "de aru").

VERB(plain form/dictionary form). Example: Taberu (does not take "de aru").

Exercise 1 on Page 62 was to figure out which was the written and which was spoken. Spoken sentences do not take "de aru".
Numbers 1) and 3) were spoken. You could tell because:
in 1) "kudasai" is a request to someone else.
in 3) "Hajimemashite" is spoken only when meeting someone for the first time.

Here are the Romaji versions of sentences 1) and 3) from Page 62, Excercise 1:
1) Kono kigai wo tsukau toki ni ha jyuu pun ki wo tsukete kudasai. Machigaeru to kiken desu.
ENGLISH: Take care/Be careful to use this machine for 10 minutes at a time. If you make a mistake, it is dangerous.
3) Hajimemashite. Watashi ha chuugoku no Lee desu. Shanhai (Shanghai) kara mairimashita.
ENGLISH: Hello, I'm pleased to meat you. I am China's Lee. I came from Shanghai.

Here are the Romaji changed versions of sentences 2) and 4) from Page 62, Excercise 1:
(We are assuming that we need to write this to put into a formal document)
2) Genzai sekai de motto mo jinkou ga ooi kuni ha chuugoku de aru (from "desu). Tsugi ni Indo, Amerika to tsuzuku (from "tsuzukimasu").
ENGLISH: In the recent world, the country with the highest population is China. Next is India, America and so on.
4) ATC ha, zeihin no nana wari wo kaigai e yushutxu shite iru jidousha me-ka- de aru (from "desu"). Honsha ha Oosaka ni aru (from "arimasu").
ENGLISH: As for ATC, 70 percent of its products are exports to other countries' automotive manufacturers. The head office is in Osaka.

NOTE: 7割引 == 70 percent off, 3割引 == 30 percent discount

??? Then we had the following Example sentences that I now can't understand or put into context --- HELP!!! Tasukete Kudasai!!!
Watashi ni ikasete hoshii.
Mark-san ni itte hoshii.

What does the above mean? Need translation PLEASE>

GRAMMAR POINT 2: (from Chapter 5) A SENTENCE STRUCTURE TO INVITE S/O OUT
When inviting someone to something verbally, there are various levels of politeness forms:

casual: "Isshoni V(volitional)". E.g. Isshoni ikou! Let's go!
teinei: "Isshoni V(te) itadakenai deshou ka?". E.g. Isshoni itte itadakenai deshou ka? Won't you give me the pleasure of going with me?
neutral: "Isshoni V(masen) ka?" E.g. Isshoni ikimasen ka? Won't you go with me?

GRAMMAR POINT 3: Tashika, "tashika ni" ha "zettai" tte iu imi deshita ne?
POINT: The diff between "tashika NI" and just plain old "tashika"

tashika NI === zettai === for certain; absolutely sure
tashika === "If I remember correctly..."; must be used with a V(past form).

VERB: 空く aite iru (to have free time; to be open/available/vacant)
E.g. Aiteru === Are you free?
Aite nai === Aren't you free?

VERB: 楽しむ TANOSHIMU (to enjoy, to have fun)
Volitional Plain: Tanoshimashou!!
Volitional Polite: Tanoshimou!!

GRAMMAR POINT 4: 終助詞 SHUUJOSHI (Grammar particle that ends a sentence)
Teinei (polite) sentence ending particles. These must be used with "desu", or a "-masu" form VERB: (Where Person A is speaking to Person B, who is listening).

a) yo! ===> used for exclamation/confirm. A knows s/th but B does not yet know this info.
b) ne! ===> used to confirm. Both A and B knows the info, i.e. for "shared info"
c) yo ne! ===> A wants a confirmation from listener B.

Futsuu (plain) spoken sentence ending particles. These ones are used with plain form VERBS:

d) naa ===> To emphasize "I truly feel".
e) kana ===> Means "I wonder..."

In d) and e) above, the speaker may be thinking aloud to himself/herself.

08.09.22 何か書かせていただけないでしょうか。

Hello and こんにちは, I am VS, はじめまして。

For some reason -which is a mystery to me- I've been appointed as the lazy one in class and this blog as well; but the fact is that whenever I want to contribute with something, it has already been added...

We have a main blogger (Jojo -I'm sure you hate that-) and a vocab maestro (Mark) with probably too much time on their hands ; ) so due to a lack of open positions I've decided to declare myself the official "Proof-Reading Intermediate Course Kakikomu" (書き込む = fill in writing) or, as I'm sure some would prefer to call me from now on, "PRICK".

Hence, as the name states, my duties would be to go through the posts and point out what I would consider errors, mistakes, slips, lapses, etc. and add any extra or useful information. Since I'm not in a position to edit my peers' posts, I shall do this in the form of comments. This should be fun, at least for me :)

For now I will leave you with the latest homework:


宿題　（しゅくだい）

会話２　６８ページ　仕事の後、飲み屋の前で （しごとのあと、のみやのまえで）


遠慮する　「えんりょする」　－＞　Refrain. Similar to 断る　「ことわる」。 Decline an invitation.

ー軒　「いっけん」　「けん」　－＞ (Ken) Counter for door/house. (e.g. one house, Ikken)

飲みすぎなんで・・・　「のみすぎなんで」　－＞ Drank to much so/and... のみすぎ is the short form of 飲みすぎます. すぎます　or すぎ is added at the end of the pre-masu form of the verb to express excess. (e.g. 食べすぎました -ate to much- 大きすぎ、-too big). なんで・・・ is used to indicate a continuation or unfinished thought; same as (V)て　form.

機会　「きかい」　－＞ Opportunity, chance.

お先に　「おさきに」　－＞ Ahead. Varies by context. (e.g. お先にどうぞ　－go ahead-、 　お先に失礼(しつれい)します　-excuse me for leaving ahead (of you).


Maybe you guys knew these already, but since I don't know what the learning purpose of this homework is...

The last one, for example, I, and everyone else in the office, use it almost every day when leaving work while there are still people working.

So this is me for now.　With all my pains, please correct me if there was something wrong.

よろしくね～

08.09.19 Daiyokka: Kyoka wo morau

08.09.19 Daiyokka: Kyoka wo morau
08.09.19 Chapter 4 (continued): Getting Permission

fukushuu (review words):
soutai --- n. act of leaving early
chikoku --- n. tardiness; lateness
muri wo shimasu --- n. impossible to do
hakike ga shimasu --- n. the moment right before you hurl/puke
samuke --- n. to have chills
hidoi --- adj. awful; terrible
shinseijo --- n. an application form (piece of paper)

GRAMMAR POINT 1:
~REASON~ shieki form VERB(te form) itadakitai n desu ga ...
where "shieki form VERB(te form)" =

Group I verbs: ~asete
Group II verbs: ~sasete

Examples:
(from Mark)
kibun ga warui node koko de yasumasete itadakitai n desu ga ...

(from Vic)
gogo kara kaigi ga aru node kono heya wo tsuwasete itadakitai n desu ga ...

(from Jo)
??? Did I give an examle sentence?

GRAMMAR POINT NOTE:
... itadakitai n desu ga ...
... itadakENAI desu ka ? (more polite way to ask)
... itadakENAI deshou ka ? (Even more polite way to ask)

From Reading:
Sore wa ikan na. (only said by middle aged men ---- I would never say this, Mark and Vic will in other 10 to 15 years)
Sore wa ikemasen. (What a female might say)

GRAMMAR POINT 2:

VERB(plain form) no? = V n desu k?

Other ways to use "no" (possessive meaning my/mine or showing ownership):

NOUN or NA ADJ + na no?
I ADJI + i no?

Examples:
a. Kesa nani wo tabemashita ka?
b. Kesa nani wo tabetta n desu ka? <=== implies "tell me more", I want to hear more c. Kesa nani wo tabetta no? <=== casual form of b. above Examples from Polite to casual form using "no?":
1a) Doko ni hikkoshi suru n desu ka? (POLITE)
1b) Doko ni hikkoshi suru no? (CASUAL)
2a) Nani wo tsukutte iru n desu ka?
2b) Nani wo tsukutte iru no?
3a) Doko de katta n desu ka?
3b) Doko de katta no?

Examples from Polite to casual form using "no?", Handout, p.6:
1a) (POLITE) Natsu yasumi ha dou suru n desu ka?
KOBAYASHI: Natsu yasumi ha kuni e kaeru n desu ka?
TAWAPON: Iie, kaeritai desu ga ... Kobayashisan ha dou suru n desu ka?
1b) (CASUAL) Natusu yasumi ha dou suru no?
KOBAYASHI: Natsu yasumi ha kuni e kaeru no?
TAWAPON: Iie, kaeritai kedo ... Kobayashi-kun ha dou suru no?

2a) (POLITE) Paatii ha dou deshita ka?
WATANABE: Paatii ha dou deshita ka?
HAYASHI: Totemo tanoshikatta desu. Dou shite sanka shinakatta n desu ka?
WATANABE: Isogashikatta n desu.

2b) (POLITE) Paatii ha dou datta?
WATANABE: Paatii ha dou datta?
HAYASHI: Totemo tanoshikatta. Dou shite sanka shinakatta no?
WATANABE: Isogashikatta no.

GRAMMAR POINT 3:

Henka VERB(te form) kuru = to become/ to turn into some VERB

VERB LIST FOR V(te) kuru:
a. futorimasu <==> yasemasu
b. fuemasu <==> herimasu
c. naremasu
d. I-adj + KU narimasu
na-adj + NI narimasu

Usually, you will see some ADJECTIVE + V(te) kuru form used. Example adjectives often used with V(te) kuru verbs:

sukoshi zutsu --- gradually
dandan --- little by little
dondon --- quickly
yukkuri --- slowly

GRAMMAR POINT 4:

~ga suru === only 6 things take "GA SURU"
a) aji --- taste
b) oto --- sound
c) koe --- voices
d) samuke, hakike, memai --- sickness: cold, right before puke, dizziness

08.09.18 Mokuyoubi Lesson, daiyokka

08.09.18 Mokuyoubi Lesson, daiyokka: 許可をもらう
08.09.18 Wednesday Lesson, Chapter 4: Kyoka wo morau (To ask for Permission)

In today's lesson, all members of the 3 musketeers showed up. In contrast to yesterday's lesson when VS didn't show up due to a long running meeting --- or so he claims.

新しい単語/ atarashii tango: (new vocabulary --- means someone asked about the word)
求める. もとめる. motomeru --- v. to seek; to ask; to pursue
きちんと. kichin --- adj. neatly; precisely; accurately
許可. きょか. kyoka --- n. permission
申請書. しんせいしょ . shinseisho --- n. written application form (in class: permission paper or letter?)
遅刻 . ちこく . chikoku --- n. lateness; tardiness, SURU VERB
早退 . そうたい . soutai --- n. leave early, SURU VERB
文脈指示 . ぶんみゃくしじ　/ bunmyakushiji --- n. context + n. indicative (from abstract idea) ===> from context?
案内状 . あんないじょう . annaijou --- n. letter of invitation
産業 . さんぎょう . sangyou --- n. industry
役に立つ . やくにたつ. yakunitatsu --- v. to be useful; to be useful
両親 . りょうしん . ryoushin --- n. both mom and dad; both parents
慌てる . あわてる . awateru --- v. to be flustered; to be rushed; to be hurried
環境 . かんきょう . kankyou --- n. environment ; circumstance
目覚まし . めざまし . mezamashi --- n. alarm

かかります。かかって。 kakarimasu. kakatte --- v. to take (time/money)

Grammar point 1a:
~~ので~VERBてもいいですか?
~~node~VERBte mo ii desu ka?
~ node ~ (V-te form) mo yoroshii desu ka?

Rei bun/ Example sentences for Grammar Point 1:
Byouin iku NODE shitsurei shiTE MO II DESU KA?
Byouin iku NODE hayaku kaeTE MO II DESU KA?
kibun ga warui NODE soutai shiTE MO II DESU KA?

Grammar point 2: (refer to Questions on page 58, 1.)
are / ano - both speaker and listener are familiar with topic (person/place/thing) but CANNOT SEE it from where they are

sore / sono - the person unfamiliar with the thing that person 1 is talking about refers to the thing as THAT using sore/sono


Grammar point 3:
NOUN のところ/ NOUN no tokoro - somewhere near NOUN (contrast with NOUN ni)

Rei bun/ Example sentences for Grammar Point 2:
棚にあります。Tana ni arimasu. (It's) on the bookshelf.
棚のところにあります。 Tana no tokoro ni arimasu. (It's) near the bookshelf.

Grammar point 1b: (for requesting permission)
~~ので~VERB(さ)せていただきたいんですか?
~~node~VERB(sa)sete itadakitai n desu ka?

Grammar point 4:
VERB(-ます　stem)+なさい
VERB(-masu stem form) + nasai
When to use this verb form:
1. To use when telling someone to do something for their own good.
2. To say to someone when giving permission to do something.

Rei bun/ Example sentences for Grammar Point 4:
Benkyou shinasai. You should study (it's good for you).
From exercises on page 59, 4.
4) 試験を出す前に、もう一度チェックする。
===> Shiken wo dasu mae ni, mou ichido check shinasai