08.09.26 Chapter 6: TO VISIT/ to call on and TO INTRODUCE

08.09.26 第六か　訪問する　と　紹介する　(Houman suru to Shoukai suru)
08.09.26 Chapter 6: TO VISIT/ to call on and TO INTRODUCE
With Suzuki-sensei

For fun, we started with: "ippiki ookami", which is a lone wolf with no friends. For example, Mark is a lone wolf with no friends. (His own example).

GRAMMAR NOTE 1:

A　と B は、似ています。
A to B ha, nite imasu.
A and B look similar.

Where "nite" comes from the verb, "niru", to resemble or to look similar.
We diverged to this grammar note because Victor-san said:

フィリピン人とベネズエラ人は、似ていました。
Filipinjin to Venezuelajin ha, nite imashita.
Filipinos and Venezuelans used to look similar.
(Because Spain used to be the mother land)

Grammar POINT 1:
When meeting family, friends, or work circles of someone (A-san in this pont), you can use the following phrase. This is used as an "aisatsu" or "greeting phrase".

Aさんにお世話になっております。
A-san ni Osewa ni natte orimasu.
A-san is always taking good care of us.

NOTE: It can also be said to A-san in a letter or in person if wishing to thank A-san generally.

GRAMMAR POINT 2:
To make a negative phrase, you use the following form:

QUESION-Word + mo + NEGATIVE.
何もない。 There is nothing.
誰も知らない。 I don't know anyone.
何も食べません。 I didn't eat anything.
などなど　and so on...

;

08.09.08 Chapter 1: tazuneru . tashikameru

08.09.08 Daiikka: tazuneru . tashikameru
08.09.08 Chapter 1: To inquire. To Verify
Suzuki-sensei no jyugyou desu

VERB COMPARISON:

kikimasu / kiku ===> to ask a question
tanomimasu / tanomu ===> to ask a FAVOUR
tazunemasu / tazuneru ===> to INQUIRE/ to MAKE AN INQUIRY;

GRAMMAR POINT 1: The intermediate way to ask for a word's meaning

A(phrase) ha, dou iu imi desu ka?

OR

A(phrase) to iu no ha, dou iu imi desu ka?

This 2nd form indicates that the asker is unfamiliar with the word/phrase

Example Sentences with the above forms:

Kono kotoba ha, dou iu imi desu ka?
Ue to iu no ha, dou iu imi desu ka?

GRAMMAR POINT 2: Responding to "What does this word/phrase mean?"
When answering someone's question about a meaning of a word, you follow the form:

(sentence/phrase/explanation), tte iu koto desu.

OR

(single NOUN) no koto desu.

Example Sentences with the above answer forms:

Sono kotoba ha, "jimushou de nagai ichinichi hataraite imasu" tte iu koto desu.
As for that word, it means "you spend long hours working at the office".
"Shita no hantai" no koto desu.

It's the "opposite of under".

GRAMMAR POINT 2: How to ask how to read a kanji/kanji compound & giving the response.
When asking how to read a kanji character, you point and use one of the "this/that" words and use the form:

(Kore/ Sore/ Are) ha nante yomu n desu ka?

When responding, the format to use is always: (fill in the parenthesis)

(Kore/ Sore/ Are) ha (the pronunciation/reading) desu.

GRAMMAR POINT 2a: When asking s/o how to read their name from Kanji

Kochira ha, nante yomu n desu ka?

NOTE: make sure you are pointing to a kanji name

OR

Onamae ha, nante yomu n desu ka?

GRAMMAR POINT 3: How to state a conditional problem/hypothetical situation and state a recommended action

The form is always in this form:

PROBLEM STATEMENT Verb(ta form, plain past) + ra ~ SOLUTION STATEMENT Verb(potential form) + ba ii desu.

Examples sentences:
a) Wasuremono wo shiTARA, asoko e IKEBA II DESU.
If you forgot something, going there would be good. (point to somewhere).
b) Tenki yohou ga shiranakaTTARA, 177 ni kiKEBA II DESU.
If you don't know the weather forecast, it is good to call 177.

GRAMMAR POINT 4: How to confirm the meaning of a word/phrase
When you are unsure of a meaning of a word or phrase, you can verify and confirm or check the meaning by asking a question in this format:

A(sentence/phrase/word) to iu no ha B(verification sentence) tte iu koto desu ka?

Does "SentenceA" mean "SentenceB"?

Example sentences:
a) Kitsuenjyo TO IU NO HA kinen seki no hantai TTE IU KOTO DESU KA?
Does Smoking place mean that it's the opposite of the no-smoking section?
:

08.09.22 Chapter 4: Kyoka wo Morau, Chapter 5: Sasou to Kotowaru

08.09.22 : Daiyokka: Kyoka wo Morau, Daigoka: Sasou to Kotowaru
Chapter 4: To get Permission
Chapter 5: To invite and To decline/to refuse
Suzuki-sensei no jyugyo desu.

GRAMMAR POINT 1: (from Chapter 4: Kyoka wo morau)

不可欠 fukaketsu (na) de aru === fukaketsu desu

Means: It's indispensable. It's essential.

RULE: When reading or writing a formal document/publication (i.e. not this blog), you would use "de aru" instead of "desu".
NOUN/na-adj. + "de aru".
Example with NOUN: Neko de aru.
Example with na-adj: Kirei de aru (no "na" used here).

i-adj. Example: Kawaii (does not take "de aru").

VERB(plain form/dictionary form). Example: Taberu (does not take "de aru").

Exercise 1 on Page 62 was to figure out which was the written and which was spoken. Spoken sentences do not take "de aru".
Numbers 1) and 3) were spoken. You could tell because:
in 1) "kudasai" is a request to someone else.
in 3) "Hajimemashite" is spoken only when meeting someone for the first time.

Here are the Romaji versions of sentences 1) and 3) from Page 62, Excercise 1:
1) Kono kigai wo tsukau toki ni ha jyuu pun ki wo tsukete kudasai. Machigaeru to kiken desu.
ENGLISH: Take care/Be careful to use this machine for 10 minutes at a time. If you make a mistake, it is dangerous.
3) Hajimemashite. Watashi ha chuugoku no Lee desu. Shanhai (Shanghai) kara mairimashita.
ENGLISH: Hello, I'm pleased to meat you. I am China's Lee. I came from Shanghai.

Here are the Romaji changed versions of sentences 2) and 4) from Page 62, Excercise 1:
(We are assuming that we need to write this to put into a formal document)
2) Genzai sekai de motto mo jinkou ga ooi kuni ha chuugoku de aru (from "desu). Tsugi ni Indo, Amerika to tsuzuku (from "tsuzukimasu").
ENGLISH: In the recent world, the country with the highest population is China. Next is India, America and so on.
4) ATC ha, zeihin no nana wari wo kaigai e yushutxu shite iru jidousha me-ka- de aru (from "desu"). Honsha ha Oosaka ni aru (from "arimasu").
ENGLISH: As for ATC, 70 percent of its products are exports to other countries' automotive manufacturers. The head office is in Osaka.

NOTE: 7割引 == 70 percent off, 3割引 == 30 percent discount

??? Then we had the following Example sentences that I now can't understand or put into context --- HELP!!! Tasukete Kudasai!!!
Watashi ni ikasete hoshii.
Mark-san ni itte hoshii.

What does the above mean? Need translation PLEASE>

GRAMMAR POINT 2: (from Chapter 5) A SENTENCE STRUCTURE TO INVITE S/O OUT
When inviting someone to something verbally, there are various levels of politeness forms:

casual: "Isshoni V(volitional)". E.g. Isshoni ikou! Let's go!
teinei: "Isshoni V(te) itadakenai deshou ka?". E.g. Isshoni itte itadakenai deshou ka? Won't you give me the pleasure of going with me?
neutral: "Isshoni V(masen) ka?" E.g. Isshoni ikimasen ka? Won't you go with me?

GRAMMAR POINT 3: Tashika, "tashika ni" ha "zettai" tte iu imi deshita ne?
POINT: The diff between "tashika NI" and just plain old "tashika"

tashika NI === zettai === for certain; absolutely sure
tashika === "If I remember correctly..."; must be used with a V(past form).

VERB: 空く aite iru (to have free time; to be open/available/vacant)
E.g. Aiteru === Are you free?
Aite nai === Aren't you free?

VERB: 楽しむ TANOSHIMU (to enjoy, to have fun)
Volitional Plain: Tanoshimashou!!
Volitional Polite: Tanoshimou!!

GRAMMAR POINT 4: 終助詞 SHUUJOSHI (Grammar particle that ends a sentence)
Teinei (polite) sentence ending particles. These must be used with "desu", or a "-masu" form VERB: (Where Person A is speaking to Person B, who is listening).

a) yo! ===> used for exclamation/confirm. A knows s/th but B does not yet know this info.
b) ne! ===> used to confirm. Both A and B knows the info, i.e. for "shared info"
c) yo ne! ===> A wants a confirmation from listener B.

Futsuu (plain) spoken sentence ending particles. These ones are used with plain form VERBS:

d) naa ===> To emphasize "I truly feel".
e) kana ===> Means "I wonder..."

In d) and e) above, the speaker may be thinking aloud to himself/herself.

08.09.22 何か書かせていただけないでしょうか。

Hello and こんにちは, I am VS, はじめまして。

For some reason -which is a mystery to me- I've been appointed as the lazy one in class and this blog as well; but the fact is that whenever I want to contribute with something, it has already been added...

We have a main blogger (Jojo -I'm sure you hate that-) and a vocab maestro (Mark) with probably too much time on their hands ; ) so due to a lack of open positions I've decided to declare myself the official "Proof-Reading Intermediate Course Kakikomu" (書き込む = fill in writing) or, as I'm sure some would prefer to call me from now on, "PRICK".

Hence, as the name states, my duties would be to go through the posts and point out what I would consider errors, mistakes, slips, lapses, etc. and add any extra or useful information. Since I'm not in a position to edit my peers' posts, I shall do this in the form of comments. This should be fun, at least for me :)

For now I will leave you with the latest homework:


宿題　（しゅくだい）

会話２　６８ページ　仕事の後、飲み屋の前で （しごとのあと、のみやのまえで）


遠慮する　「えんりょする」　－＞　Refrain. Similar to 断る　「ことわる」。 Decline an invitation.

ー軒　「いっけん」　「けん」　－＞ (Ken) Counter for door/house. (e.g. one house, Ikken)

飲みすぎなんで・・・　「のみすぎなんで」　－＞ Drank to much so/and... のみすぎ is the short form of 飲みすぎます. すぎます　or すぎ is added at the end of the pre-masu form of the verb to express excess. (e.g. 食べすぎました -ate to much- 大きすぎ、-too big). なんで・・・ is used to indicate a continuation or unfinished thought; same as (V)て　form.

機会　「きかい」　－＞ Opportunity, chance.

お先に　「おさきに」　－＞ Ahead. Varies by context. (e.g. お先にどうぞ　－go ahead-、 　お先に失礼(しつれい)します　-excuse me for leaving ahead (of you).


Maybe you guys knew these already, but since I don't know what the learning purpose of this homework is...

The last one, for example, I, and everyone else in the office, use it almost every day when leaving work while there are still people working.

So this is me for now.　With all my pains, please correct me if there was something wrong.

よろしくね～

08.09.19 Daiyokka: Kyoka wo morau

08.09.19 Daiyokka: Kyoka wo morau
08.09.19 Chapter 4 (continued): Getting Permission

fukushuu (review words):
soutai --- n. act of leaving early
chikoku --- n. tardiness; lateness
muri wo shimasu --- n. impossible to do
hakike ga shimasu --- n. the moment right before you hurl/puke
samuke --- n. to have chills
hidoi --- adj. awful; terrible
shinseijo --- n. an application form (piece of paper)

GRAMMAR POINT 1:
~REASON~ shieki form VERB(te form) itadakitai n desu ga ...
where "shieki form VERB(te form)" =

Group I verbs: ~asete
Group II verbs: ~sasete

Examples:
(from Mark)
kibun ga warui node koko de yasumasete itadakitai n desu ga ...

(from Vic)
gogo kara kaigi ga aru node kono heya wo tsuwasete itadakitai n desu ga ...

(from Jo)
??? Did I give an examle sentence?

GRAMMAR POINT NOTE:
... itadakitai n desu ga ...
... itadakENAI desu ka ? (more polite way to ask)
... itadakENAI deshou ka ? (Even more polite way to ask)

From Reading:
Sore wa ikan na. (only said by middle aged men ---- I would never say this, Mark and Vic will in other 10 to 15 years)
Sore wa ikemasen. (What a female might say)

GRAMMAR POINT 2:

VERB(plain form) no? = V n desu k?

Other ways to use "no" (possessive meaning my/mine or showing ownership):

NOUN or NA ADJ + na no?
I ADJI + i no?

Examples:
a. Kesa nani wo tabemashita ka?
b. Kesa nani wo tabetta n desu ka? <=== implies "tell me more", I want to hear more c. Kesa nani wo tabetta no? <=== casual form of b. above Examples from Polite to casual form using "no?":
1a) Doko ni hikkoshi suru n desu ka? (POLITE)
1b) Doko ni hikkoshi suru no? (CASUAL)
2a) Nani wo tsukutte iru n desu ka?
2b) Nani wo tsukutte iru no?
3a) Doko de katta n desu ka?
3b) Doko de katta no?

Examples from Polite to casual form using "no?", Handout, p.6:
1a) (POLITE) Natsu yasumi ha dou suru n desu ka?
KOBAYASHI: Natsu yasumi ha kuni e kaeru n desu ka?
TAWAPON: Iie, kaeritai desu ga ... Kobayashisan ha dou suru n desu ka?
1b) (CASUAL) Natusu yasumi ha dou suru no?
KOBAYASHI: Natsu yasumi ha kuni e kaeru no?
TAWAPON: Iie, kaeritai kedo ... Kobayashi-kun ha dou suru no?

2a) (POLITE) Paatii ha dou deshita ka?
WATANABE: Paatii ha dou deshita ka?
HAYASHI: Totemo tanoshikatta desu. Dou shite sanka shinakatta n desu ka?
WATANABE: Isogashikatta n desu.

2b) (POLITE) Paatii ha dou datta?
WATANABE: Paatii ha dou datta?
HAYASHI: Totemo tanoshikatta. Dou shite sanka shinakatta no?
WATANABE: Isogashikatta no.

GRAMMAR POINT 3:

Henka VERB(te form) kuru = to become/ to turn into some VERB

VERB LIST FOR V(te) kuru:
a. futorimasu <==> yasemasu
b. fuemasu <==> herimasu
c. naremasu
d. I-adj + KU narimasu
na-adj + NI narimasu

Usually, you will see some ADJECTIVE + V(te) kuru form used. Example adjectives often used with V(te) kuru verbs:

sukoshi zutsu --- gradually
dandan --- little by little
dondon --- quickly
yukkuri --- slowly

GRAMMAR POINT 4:

~ga suru === only 6 things take "GA SURU"
a) aji --- taste
b) oto --- sound
c) koe --- voices
d) samuke, hakike, memai --- sickness: cold, right before puke, dizziness